The accumulation of sediments in reservoirs of dams has always been one of the problems of reservoir dams. Accordingly, one of the approaches to address this problem can be referred to as the method of pressure flushing. In this method, during the course of flushing, generally the bottom drainage outlets of the dam are opened for a certain period of time and the reservoir water level is kept almost constant. When water discharges through the bottom outlets, and after performing flushing, a hollow or a hole in the form of a funnel or a cone will appear at the front of the outlet gate, that the size of this scour funnel depends on various parameters such as: discharge, depth of water inside the reservoir and the Types of sediment deposited inside the reservoir. In this research, a physical model with specific dimensions was used to investigate the effect of cohesive and non-cohesive sediments on the form of flushing funnel. The result of this research shows that in non-cohesive sediment the erosion pattern was retrogressive, and while experiments are done with minimum water depth (40 cm) and maximum discharge (8 lit/s), the flushing funnel will be balanced after 9-11 minutes. of the bottom outlet can be presented in the form of exponential and function of water height and sediment were obtained.

Paratuberculosis caused byMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is a progressive, chronic and noncurable granulomatous enteritis. Paratuberculosis affects ruminants worldwide. The earliest reports on paratuberculosis in Iran date back to 1960’s when the disease was diagnosed in imported animals of the Abadan Oil Company’s farm. In the work presented here 13 field MAP isolates including 4 ovine and 3 caprine isolates from Isfahan, 6 bovine isolates from Zanjan and Alborz provinces plus 2 vaccinal strains of 316F and III & V were subjected to PCR-IS900, PCR-F57 for identification and also PCR-Collins for typing. In consequence, while an identical PCR protocol was successfully developed to simultaneously perform all the three experiments, the 15 tested bacteria were all shown to be MAP Type II (cattle Type). In epidemiological sense, when the size of national goat, sheep and cattle herds of Iran is taken into account, circulation of MAP Type II is intriguing.

Background: The most important factors and problems threatening the Anzali Wetland are the contaminant load and sediments entering the wetland, as well as lack of an integrated management plan for this wetland. The main objectives of the current research were to explore whether there are significant differences in concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Pb in surface sediments among different sites (based on Type region development) of the Anzali Wetland, Northern Iran.Methods: Through a field study, samples were collected from 10 stations based on the Type of regional development and contaminant source inputs of Anzali Wetland in 2015. Using a hot-block digester, the sediment samples were digested with a 4: 1 combination of nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HCLO4) for one hour at 40 oC, followed by 3 h at 140 °C. Afterwards, samples were filtered with Whatman 42, filter paper and the filtrate was kept in polyethylene containers at 4 oC, until analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).Results: Mean±SD levels of metals in the sediments of different stations were 26.7±3.49 (lead), 4.36±0.47 (cadmium), and 88.44±10.06 (zinc) mg g-1 dw. There was a significant difference between the stations of the wetland (P<0.05). This difference could be due to the variations in the input of contaminant sources into the Anzali Wetland.Conclusions: The areas, affected by urban and industrial developments, had the highest level of contamination while the agricultural and less-developed areas had the lowest level of contamination, and therefore, protective plans must be implemented in developed areas in order to lower the level of heavy metals.

Introduction: Tyrosinemia is a congenital metabolic disease in which the breakdown of the amino acid tyrosine is reduced and its amount is increased in the body. Tyrosine metabolites can involve specific organs that according to the clinical manifestations there are three Types of this disease. Case: This article reports Type 1 tyrosinemia in a 2-year-old child who complained of urinary problem and restlessness. Despite the absence of pathological findings in fetal ultrasound screening, imaging findings indicate involvement of both kidneys. Conclusions: It is a rare, inherited and metabolic disease that despite the challenges of diagnosis has simple cure.

Acoustic remote sensing techniques is a useful tool for seabed sediment classification in hydrography, that in this method, seabed sediments estimated using send and receive sound waves and analysis of the backscatter data. Backscatter data from sediment has several features that can be made by extracting them, sediment separating and classification. in this paper, is provided laboratory conditions to investigate the acoustic properties of sediments. Echo receive from sediment in 4 Frequency (55, 60, 65, 73 khz) is processed using acoustic devices and Insert 4 Type of sediment in the aquarium bed. Feature were extracted, including statistical moment (energy, time-spread, skewness and kurtosis), spectral moment (standard deviation, the order of the moment, spectral skewness, spectral kurtosis and power spectral density) and the fractal dimension (Hausdorff (. In this experiment, energy parameter, standard deviation and average power (from power spectral density) well able to distinguish sediments.

he east Sanadaj-Galali plutons of the northern Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Zagros Orogeny, are composite, polyphase bodies that generated during subduction ofNeotethys beneath the Eurasian plate. A-Type magmatism in this area presents by Alkaline, high K, ferroan leucogranites. Despite having mineralogical and isotopic similarities, these leucogranites show a clear division, based on the geochemical and SHRIMP zircon crystal dating results. Qalaylan leucogranite with the crystallization age of 159 ± 3Ma is Al-Type. Other leucogranites are A2-Type and crystalized about 20 million years later (140-149 Ma). In fact, mantle derived mafic magma, as heat source, caused partial melting of heterogeneous pre­ fertilized Sanadaj-Sirjan basement and creates Qalaylan leucogranites. Younger leucogranites are A2-Type and present different evolution path. These rocks generate in a post collisional setting as a result of partial melting of heterogeneous pre-fertilized Sanadaj-Sirjan basement, about 20 Ma later. In post collisional setting, asthenosphere upwelling do to the slab roll back or slab steepening could be a heat source of crust melting and generates the younger leucogranites.